Solved DATA TABLE: PROPERTIES OF SOAPS AND DETERGENTS Test - Chegg All Rights Reserved. Cleaning is the removal of foreign material (e.g., soil, and organic material) from objects and is normally accomplished using water with detergents or enzymatic products. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. 3.dispersion of light. 94 0 obj # w3I*=R 6.reflection of light. corn oil, and coconut oil (samples 1 3), which soap had the best xZo8/AfDIEC&.mna{u@R!ERCgo>87A7W(B`yi2>|nly-WziIVyUu4z|_wHMV-~yPM_C 14(z$EYZ'*n[OeqQ 0000000779 00000 n Figure 11.8. endobj Another washer-sterilizer employs rotating spray arms for a wash cycle followed by a steam sterilization cycle at 285F449, 450. stream 8 0 obj Although the effectiveness of high-level disinfection and sterilization mandates effective cleaning, no real-time tests exist that can be employed in a clinical setting to verify cleaning. <> Summary of advantages and disadvantages of chemical agents used as chemical sterilants or as high-level disinfectants, Table 6. <> 5. Bacterial survival is demonstrated by the presence of turbidity in the medium, whereas killing of the target organism on the cylinder by the disinfectant will produce no turbidity. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. <> endobj Detailed information about cleaning and preparing supplies for terminal sterilization is provided by professional organizations453, 454and books455. The plates are monitored for growth of microbial colonies. Additional comments: "Question is: what did the soap bubbles do that demonstrated this?". Students read a short text about the history of soap and soapmaking, before answering questions to check and develop their understanding of what they have read. Learn everything from how to sign up for free to enterprise use cases, and start using ChatGPT . <> These procedures and protocols are then adopted by medical device and equipment manufacturers. <> PDF Version 1.1/03.10 - European Commission At what point do the risks outweigh the benefits of these devices, and who should be held responsible when negative outcomes occur? 4. A convenient measure of efficiency is the amount of surfactant needed to reduce the surface tension by 20 mN/m at a surface age of 0.1 s. A simple method is presented which enables this to be . (8 points) Data Table 3.Soap Cleaning Efficiency Tests. What distance the box will move in 22 sec? Studies have shown that manual and mechanical cleaning of endoscopes achieves approximately a 4-log10reduction of contaminating organisms83, 104, 456, 457. 15 0 obj The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The Kirby-Bauer assay starts with a Mueller-Hinton agar plate on which a confluent lawn (bacteria is spread across the entire surface of the plate) is inoculated with a sample or patients isolated bacterial pathogen. Recorded observations after five minutes and an hour are shown in Data Table 2: Hot Water Bath Method. ew^zf^x%|o(y-9!$862(q8`*Zw{05:+dBj.so`heHH+RmH| -TWvPpVs`( `NcF?i4)1W0Lg, " from a shampoo, bodywash, liquid soap, toothpaste or mouthwash). 11 0 obj (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test has long been used as a starting point for determining the susceptibility of specific microbes to various antimicrobial drugs or chemicals. 3 0 obj Characteristics of an ideal low-temperature sterilization process, Table 10. These tests allow for the maintenance of appropriate disinfection protocols in clinical settings, controlling microbial growth to protect patients, health-care workers, and the community. [ 11 0 R] They then work through a short series of questions to explore the process involved and draw out key points about the chemical reaction that takes place. Support your answer with the results recorded in Data Table 2. Who is responsible, however, when negative outcomes occur due to flawed protocols or faulty equipment? Expert Answer. Yet these devices are used successfully in 500,000650,000 procedures annually in the United States, many of them lifesaving. endobj endobj Identify a surfactant and a preservative from the ingredient label of a personal care product (e.g. To treat her kidney infection and septic shock, Roberta was treated with dialysis, intravenous fluids, and medications to maintain blood pressure and prevent blood clotting. The diameter of the zone of inhibition, measured in millimeters and compared to a standardized chart, determines the susceptibility or resistance of the bacterial pathogen to the drug or chemical. This page titled 11.8: Testing the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Chemicals and Drugs is shared under a CC BY license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax. This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. endobj endobj To each test tube of oil I added equal amounts of. These soaps and polishes standards help guide product manufacturers in the proper methods of producing and testing such products to ensure quality towards safe use. 105 0 obj One method to determine the effectiveness of a chemical agent includes swabbing surfaces before and after use to confirm whether a sterile field was maintained during use. xn=@@_f Cleaning chemistry: soaps and detergents | Resource | RSC Education Antimicrobial activity is observed as a clear circular zone of inhibition around the drug/chemical-impregnated disk. Surgical instruments should be presoaked or rinsed to prevent drying of blood and to soften or remove blood from the instruments. Solution: 2) I) When soap is mixed with calcium ions, it reacts with calcium and produces scum, which is insoluble in water. What experiment(s) can be used to determine the effect of increased detergent (only)? At this point, her physician ordered a culture from her urine to determine the exact cause of her infection, as well as a drug sensitivity test to determine what antibiotics would be effective against the causative bacterium. Then becoming saturated, which forms a more solid texture. <> As with all chemicals, enzymes must be rinsed from the equipment or adverse reactions (e.g., fever, residual amounts of high-level disinfectants, proteinaceous residue) could result. 0000003977 00000 n How does one use the information from a Kirby-Bauer assay to predict the therapeutic effectiveness of an antimicrobial drug in a patient? The physics of restoration and conservation, RSC Yusuf Hamied Inspirational Science Programme, How to prepare for the Chemistry Olympiad, Extension activity: testing soaps and detergents, Did you know about shower gels and soaps? She was also started on aggressive treatment with intravenous administration of a new drug called tigecycline, which has been successful in treating infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria. Lt~``crJmqdSS[1?z endobj <> Not only does soap neutralize the virus, but you are physically knocking it off your hands when thoroughly washing your hands with soap and water. Exp 8 Synthesis and Analysis of Soap.docx - Lab 8: To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. After recording their observations, students answer a series of short questions to help them interpret their results and explore what further tests could be done to identify the best cleaning product. What is the purpose of adding cleansing agent? Mark every . 91 22 Acids and bases | Review my learning | 1416 years, The science behind sustainable home insulation, Quantitative chemistry | Review my learning | 1416 years, Particle model | Review my learning | 1416 years, Bonding | Review my learning | 1416 years, The chemical composition of cleaning products, Saponification, soap scum and soapless detergents, Experimental design and planning investigations. Similar to the Kirby-Bauer assay, a confluent lawn of a bacterial isolate is inoculated onto the surface of an agar plate. endstream Create two graphs showing the average cleanliness score at each time interval. xVnF}W-no~ALmI! The four oils were, canola, corn, coconut and olive oil. Are plastics the best option for saving energy in our homes, as well as saving the planet? Comparison of the characteristics of selected chemicals used as high-level disinfectants or chemical sterilants, Table 5. Set the oil in place over the container holding the water. An additional handout, Did you know about detergents?, provides further information about saponification, soap scum and soapless detergents. k (a;hlb 6M]U$XqZu%(9"l>61hlKe 100 0 obj Decreasing order of resistance of microorganisms to disinfection and sterilization and the level of disinfection or sterilization, Table 4. These soaps ranged in a variety of colors and appearances. endobj Students conduct a practical experiment using samples of 56 shower gels and soaps, determining their pH values and testing their effects on cooking oil. What experiment(s) can be used to determine the effect of increased detergent (only)? Why do the bubbles made by bubble bath disappear when you then use ordinary soap? 3 0 obj . Alkaline-based cleaning agents are used for processing medical devices because they efficiently dissolve protein and fat residues464; however, they can be corrosive. Data. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. As discussed, the limitations of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test do not allow for a direct comparison of antibacterial potencies to guide selection of the best therapeutic choice. %%EOF Antibiograms: Taking Some of the Guesswork Out of Prescriptions. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. 110 0 obj 108 0 obj Generally, serum levels of an antibacterial should be at least three to five times above the MIC for treatment of an infection. The Cosmetic ingredients database handout is only available for download using the links in the box below. As the bacterial inoculum grows, antibiotic diffuses from the plastic strips into the agar and interacts with the bacterial cells. However, unlike the macrobroth and microbroth dilution methods, the MBC cannot be determined with the Etest. Suggested protocol for management of positive biological indicator in a steam sterilizer, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Many hospitals are instituting more rigorous cleaning procedures than those mandated by the FDA. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA. 99 0 obj [BFK}B{8f0c:bTJ #67WBnd( +]{F2hp-ntd*cDTu;gkk*zJ+gcL`{>rspkhnEL-`3/zVmK!S!2w[Cm*O'sn1,b_=m8&dg,SH;${hK62H+ZxNDE^h`iHzce?nZmA%"V"_ (4Yp vro ~ 5@m=^`8EZ WJ@4IA KmzLArio SnzoS?pEil'R^E|1BAY[.)$+=u@=&5?jlID#Dv2O!rrv/u9B;Az1!{ c(e iZ,:>xqqy{% xZ[o8~Gk+4I;fwZ`hQX[HJ;{.$EYe<<2yq, Sxx~#>L~,%^u?KW[hU[oLWp%j)/]HouzJ?wx'y`XWWGofl%G[|g6TYZ\~61~}4T+TYdi6U' 4>njMOl_sq'zY(|+y?Z g=ls2`/pE+0]nQdA'-lO How did the detergent tested in this laboratory compare to the Disinfectant manufacturers perform use-dilution tests to validate the efficacy claims for their products, as designated by the EPA. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. This question was created from Bubble Lab. endobj Washer-sterilizers are modified steam sterilizers that clean by filling the chamber with water and detergent through which steam passes to provide agitation. 7 0 obj [)Exm (}gd[Gl9DBT^=ln|yjz>}h>UwMksv]|x8OR>7?K-mfWoaj>+% >7]dg/4[eV"-G\$,+ctwH7Y`1.-Kil kop({l[L3365>kr5/. Legal. The MIC assay can also be performed using 96-well microdilution trays, which allow for the use of small volumes and automated dispensing devices, as well as the testing of multiple antimicrobials and/or microorganisms in one tray (Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)). <> Also, if soiled materials dry or bake onto the instruments, the removal process becomes more difficult and the disinfection or sterilization process less effective or ineffective. soaps in both distilled water and hard water? The chemical composition of cleaning products; How soaps and detergents work; Saponification, soap 'scum' and soapless detergents; The history of soap; Experimental design and planning investigations; Each activity includes instructions for students, as well as editable worksheets and resources available for download. ASTM International is providing no-cost public access to important ASTM standards used in the production and testing of personal protective equipment. tap water? 0000003772 00000 n <> <> %PDF-1.5 Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. endobj These standards help identify the certain physical and chemical properties of soaps and polishes such as particle size, pH, cloud point, recoatability, glide adhesion, freeze/thaw resistance, cleaning efficiency, and foaming properties among others. Ten drops, totaling approximately 0.2 mL of this mixture, are then inoculated onto each of two agar plates. %PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj Solved Hello! I am completing a lab where we used the oils - Chegg <> ~ 106 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal Evaluation of the cleaning agents . 22 0 obj 9k#B{S0' endobj Washer-disinfectors are generally computer-controlled units for cleaning, disinfecting, and drying solid and hollow surgical and medical equipment. The Etest is an alternative method used to determine MIC, and is a combination of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test and dilution methods. A "rainbow" appears on an oil slick or soap bubble due to: 1.refraction of light. What does a positive in-use test indicate? 0 What is the governments role in ensuring that use and maintenance of medical equipment and protocols are fail-safe? 0000007778 00000 n Examples of flash steam sterilization parameters, Table 9. Nina Parker, (Shenandoah University),Mark Schneegurt (Wichita State University),Anh-Hue Thi Tu (Georgia Southwestern State University), Philip Lister (Central New Mexico Community College), and Brian M. Forster (Saint Josephs University) with many contributing authors. Summary of advantages and disadvantages of commonly used sterilization technologies, Table 7. lU3pKyia wdg``{QPg@mz"p' d|2L lp appearance, composition as well as test for pH and cleaning properties. endobj A phenol coefficient of 1.0 means that the chemical agent has about the same level of effectiveness as phenol. Test Tube 1: Canola Oil Test Tube 2: Corn Oil Test Tube 3: Coconut Oil Test Tube 4 Test Tube 5: Detergent Olive Oil Precipitation No in Distilled No Yes No No (Yes/No) Distilled Water Sud 3 5 2 Ranking (1 = Most to 5 equal Production in Hard Water Compared to Distilled 1 Equal Precipitation in Hard Water (Yes/No No No. Because the rate of drug diffusion is directly related to concentration, an elliptical zone of inhibition is observed with the Etest drug gradient, rather than a circular zone of inhibition observed with the Kirby-Bauer assay. Soap Nut 61 87.5 72 79 82 73 90 Table 2: Result of test for sanitization . To interpret the results, the intersection of the elliptical zone with the gradient on the drug-containing strip indicates the MIC. 2.transmission of light. Use a new data table labeled "Water and Soap." 10. endobj 97 0 obj Does soap produce an insoluble substance when mixed with calcium ions? 0000006299 00000 n 0000000023 00000 n With commercial soap calcium and Magnesium ions formed cloudy on top/bottom. Suitable for 1116 year olds, the resources draw on a variety of scientific, historical and everyday contexts, with activities ranging from making and testing soap to product analysis. 0000002719 00000 n Instruments are subsequently rinsed and subjected to a short steam-sterilization cycle. 976 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[957 34]/Info 956 0 R/Length 91/Prev 165853/Root 958 0 R/Size 991/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream ASTM's soaps and polishes standards are instrumental in the preparation and evaluation of surfactant products that are usually used in conjunction with water for washing, cleaning, and polishing. Unfortunately, infectious diseases dont take a time-out for lab work. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. 18 0 obj Due to a lack of standardization of these factors, interpretation of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay provides only limited information on susceptibility and resistance to the drugs tested. %PDF-1.4 After discussing the different ideas expressedwith their group, students work together to put the views in rank order according to how far they agree with each one. <> endobj Ultrasonic cleaning removes soil by cavitation and implosion in which waves of acoustic energy are propagated in aqueous solutions to disrupt the bonds that hold particulate matter to surfaces. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections due to contaminated endoscopes have become a high-profile problem in recent years. <> hb```,@ ( cleaning ability? What are the starting reactants and final products? A soap film appears invisible when it approaches a zero-thickness. Lab 11 Report.docx - Name: Lab 11 - Synthesis and Analysis of Soap Data Browse all. They then calculated a phenol coefficient for each chemical for each of the two bacteria tested. 0000000715 00000 n CRE infections are notoriously difficult to treat, with a 40%50% fatality rate. How did the detergent tested in this laboratory compare to the A set of differentiated worksheets with answers to identify learning gaps and misconceptions on the topic of acids and bases. However, public health officials soon noticed that Robertas case was not isolated. Similarly, the concentration of the chemical agent is also important, with higher concentrations being more effective than lower ones. 1. D501-03(2016) Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkaline Detergents, D500-95(2016) Standard Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils, D820-93(2016) Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents, D502-89(2016) Standard Test Method for Particle Size of Soaps and Other Detergents, D1768-89(2016) Standard Test Method for Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Synthetic Detergents by Ultraviolet Absorption, D1570-95(2016) Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Fatty Alkyl Sulfates, D2022-89(2016) Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Chlorine-Containing Bleaches, D2357-11(2016) Standard for Qualitative Classification of Surfactants by Infrared Absorption, D2023-89(2016) Standard Test Method of Analysis for Sodium Toluene Sulfonate in Detergents, D3598-89(2016) Standard Test Method for Citrate in Synthetic Detergents, D3048-89(2016) Standard Test Method of Assay for Alkaline Protease, D4251-89(2016) Standard Test Method for Active Matter in Anionic Surfactants by Potentiometric Titration, D2358-16 Standard Test Method for Separation of Active Ingredient from Surfactant and Syndet Compositions, D3049-89(2016) Standard Test Method for Synthetic Anionic Ingredient by Cationic Titration, D3673-89(2016) Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Alpha Olefin Sulfonates, D2959-95(2017) Standard Test Method for Ethylene Oxide Content of Polyethoxylated Nonionic Surfactants, D1767-89(2017) Standard Test Method for Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetate (EDTA) in Soaps or Synthetic Detergents, D4608-89(2017) Standard Test Method for Citrate in Detergents, D4337-89(2017) Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Linear Detergent Alkylates, D4711-89(2017) Standard Test Method for Sulfonic and Sulfuric Acids in Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acids, D5547-95(2017) Standard Test Method for Clay and Zeolite in Powdered Laundry Detergents by Atomic Absorption, D4954-89(2017) Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrilotriacetates in Detergents, D5806-95(2017) Standard Test Method for Disinfectant Quaternary Ammonium Salts by Potentiometric Titration, D4252-89(2017) Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Alcohol Ethoxylates and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates, D928-03(2017) Standard Specification for Sodium Bicarbonate, D2180-17 Standard Test Method for Active Oxygen in Bleaching Compounds, D1569-05(2014) Standard Test Methods for Detergent Alkylate (Withdrawn 2023), D1681-05(2014) Standard Test Method for Synthetic Anionic Active Ingredient in Detergents by Cationic Titration Procedure (Withdrawn 2023), D460-91(2014) Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Soaps and Soap Products (Withdrawn 2023), D1568-05(2014) Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (Withdrawn 2023), D6174-01(2006) Standard Test Method for Inorganic Sulfate in Surfactants by Potentiometric Lead Titration (Withdrawn 2015), D800-05(2014) Standard Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Industrial Metal Cleaning Compositions (Withdrawn 2023), D6173-97(2014) Standard Test Method for Determination of Various Anionic Surfactant Actives by Potentiometric Titration (Withdrawn 2023), D5070-90(2014) Standard Test Method for Synthetic Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Fabric Softeners by Potentiometric Titrations (Withdrawn 2023), D3209-93(2015) Standard Test Method for Freeze/Thaw Resistance of Polymer Floor Polishes, D6827-02(2016) Standard Test Method for Zinc Analysis of Floor Polishes and Floor Polish Polymers By Flame Atomic Absorption (A.A.), D5678-17 Standard Test Method for Freeze/Thaw Resistance of Wax Emulsion Floor Polish, D3716-14(2020) Standard Test Methods for Use of Emulsion Polymers in Floor Polishes, D4095-97(2020) Standard Practice for Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Floor Polishes, D3430-95(2021) Standard Test Method for Clarity and Yellowness of Liquid Water-Based Clear Floor Polishes, D1290-95(2021) Standard Test Method for Sediment in Water-Emulsion Polishes by Centrifuge, D1791-93(2022) Standard Test Method for Accelerated Aging of Liquid Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D2834-95(2022) Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D930-89(1996)e1 Standard Test Method of Total Immersion Corrosion Test of Water-Soluble Aluminum Cleaners (Withdrawn 2001), D6215-98a Standard Guide for Removal of Oily Soils from Metal Surfaces (Withdrawn 2004), D4009-92(2017) Standard Guide for Foam Stability of Hand Dishwashing Detergents, D5343-06(2018) Standard Guide for Evaluating Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners, D7225-13(2019)e1 Standard Guide for Blood Cleaning Efficiency of Detergents and Washer-Disinfectors, D4488-95(2001)e1 Standard Guide for Testing Cleaning Performance of Products Intended for Use on Resilient Flooring and Washable Walls (Withdrawn 2009), D3565-89(2001) Standard Test Method for Tableware Pattern Removal by Mechanical Dishwasher Detergents (Withdrawn 2007), D1280-14 Standard Guide for Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Soak Tank Metal Cleaners (Withdrawn 2023), D3556-23 Standard Guide for Deposition on Glassware During Mechanical Dishwashing, D459-16 Standard Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents, D3210-95(2016) Standard Test Method for Comparing Colors of Films from Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D4330-94(2017) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Fiberglass Boat Polish and Wax, D3207-17 Standard Test Method for Detergent Resistance of Floor Polish Films, D1436-17 Standard Test Methods for Application of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates for Testing Purposes, D3543-17 Standard Test Method for Metal Glide Adhesion, D1455-17 Standard Test Method for 60 Specular Gloss of Emulsion Floor Polish, D1793-17 Standard Test Method for Water Spotting of Emulsion Floor Polishes, D1792-17 Standard Test Method for Long-Term Removability Properties of Emulsion Floor Polishes, D3052-17 Standard Practice for Rating Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D2048-17 Standard Test Method for Powdering of Floor Polish Films, D4002-81(2016) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish, D3153-17 Standard Test Method for Recoatability of Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D3206-17 Standard Test Method for Soil Resistance of Floor Polishes, D3758-95(2017) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Spray-Buff Products on Test Floors, D6625-13(2020) Standard Practice for Conducting a Test of Protective Properties of Polish Applied to a Painted Panel Using Fluorescent UV-Condensation Light- and Water-Exposure Apparatus, D3751/D3751M-10(2017) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Furniture Polish, D3836-13(2021) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Automotive Polish, D4955-89(2021) Standard Practice for Field Evaluation of Automotive Polish, D4265-21 Standard Guide for Evaluating Stain Removal Performance in Home Laundering, D4008-19 Standard Guide for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents, D1172-15 Standard Guide for pH of Aqueous Solutions of Soaps and Detergents, D1173-07(2015) Standard Test Method for Foaming Properties of Surface-Active Agents, D3050-07(2015) Standard Guide for Measuring Soil Removal from Artificially Soiled Fabrics (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking), D2281-10(2016) Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Wetting Agents by the Skein Test, D2024-09(2017) Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants, D8179-18 Standard Guide for Characterizing Detergents for the Cleaning of Clinically-used Medical Devices, D5237-14(2019) Standard Guide for Evaluating Fabric Softeners, D5548-13(2020) Standard Guide for Evaluating Color Transfer or Color Loss of Dyed Fabrics in Laundering (Not Suitable for Detergent or Washing Machine Rankings), D1387-89(2019) Standard Test Method for Saponification Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural Waxes, D7389-07(2019) Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Maleic Anhydride (MAH) Grafted Waxes, D3837-95(2019) Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of AlkaliSoluble Resins, D1342-92(2002) Standard Test Method for Paraffin-Type Hydrocarbons in Carnauba Wax (Withdrawn 2007), D3642-13(2021) Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Certain Alkali-Soluble Resins, D1986-14(2021) Standard Test Method for Determining the Apparent Viscosity of Polyethylene Wax, D1386-15(2022) Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural Waxes, D3643-15(2022) Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Certain Alkali-Soluble Resins, D3644-15(2022) Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Resins, D3954-15(2022) Standard Test Method for Dropping Point of Waxes, D4283-98(2022) Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Silicone Fluids, D4103-17 Standard Practice for Preparation of Substrate Surfaces for Coefficient of Friction Testing, D2047-17 Standard Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by the James Machine, D6205-20 Standard Practice for Calibration of the James Static Coefficient of Friction Machine, D4386-95(2016) Standard Practice for Application of Floor Polishes to Maintain Multilayer Composite Tile or Flooring, D3757-16 Standard Guide for Preparing Specifications for Solvent-based Floor Polishes, D3440-13(2019) Standard Guide for Preparing Specifications for Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D4078-02(2021) Standard Specification for Water Emulsion Floor Polish, D3564-22 Standard Practice for Application of Floor Polishes to Maintain Vinyl Composition Tile or Flooring, D2825-21e1 Standard Terminology Relating to Polishes and Related Materials.
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