Gerhard Mercator (1512-1594), a Belgian cartographer (mapmaker), created a more accurate map that was especially useful for ocean navigators. discussed in biography In Richard Hakluyt a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. How did Richard Hakluyt contribute to English history? The year was 1591 or 1592. The conception of race depicted by Hakluyt emanates from specific circumstances, including the institution of slavery, among other historical parameters. Both of his parents died when he was quite young, leaving Richard and his siblings in the care of an older cousin. This period included also the voyages of Christopher Columbus that opened the way for discovery and brought the 'Old' and 'New' Worlds into contact with each other. In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. His medieval polemic concern becomes clearer when he mentions non-Christians who need to be defeated. Money needed to come from private investment. George Bruner Parks has theorized that publication at that time would have been inconvenient to England because after England had successfully helped Holland and Spain to negotiate the Twelve Years' Truce during the Eighty Years' War, the work would have supported English claims for free seas against Spain, but not its claims for closed seas against Holland. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Hakluyt's Promise: An Elizabethan's Obsession for an English - JSTOR In Hakluyt's argument for colonization, religious considerations are entwined with political and economic ones. She is also a writer of historical fiction. A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. According to Hakluyt, Spain has transformed into the other enemy that must be defeated in the process of creating the New World. That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. Because of these connections, and his own expertise in overseas trade and economics, the man was well placed to assist young Richard in his life work. Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. ?died Nov. 23, 1616, England), British geographer. Jan has taught history at the university level. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons for Colonization, 1585 The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. Works by Hakluyt in addition to those mentioned above included translations of Antonio Galvos Discoveries of the World (1601) and of Hernando de Sotos account of Florida, under the title Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description ofFlorida (1609). It was at Hakluyt's suggestion that Robert Parke translated Juan Gonzlez de Mendoza's The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof (15881590),[30] John Pory made his version of Leo Africanus's A Geographical Historie of Africa (1600),[31] and P. Erondelle translated Marc Lescarbot's Nova Francia (1609). He took his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. Richard received a good education first at the Westminster School, and then at Christ Church, Oxford. Of chief concern would be for ''the enlargement of the gospel of Christ,'' in converting the natives to the Anglican religion. Was it the description of the place that made you wonder what it was like there? He regards the native people as resources which England can use to serve her self-interest. [10] By the time of his death, he had amassed a small fortune out of his various emoluments and preferments, of which the last was the clergy house of Gedney, Lincolnshire, presented to him by his younger brother Oliver in 1612. [5][8], Richard Hakluyt, the second of four sons, was born in Eyton in Herefordshire in 1553. That the passage in this voyage is easy and short, that it cutteth not near the trade of any other mighty Princes, nor near their Countries, that it is to be performed at all tymes of the year, and needeth but one kind of wind, that Ireland being full of good heavens on the south and west sides, is the nearest part of Europe to it, which by this trade shall be in more security, and the sooner drawn to more Civility. The queen granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter in 1584 to begin to colonize, although she did not provide full financial support. Unfortunately, his wealth was squandered by his only son. In Paris, Hakluyt also edited an edition of the De Orbe Novo of Pietro Martire dAnghiera so that his countrymen might have knowledge of the early successes and failures of the Spaniards in the New World. He died on November 23, 1616. 1) Rich soil 2) ease of travel 3)Increase Navel Power (build more ships)-larger ships the better 4)make their Navy so strong In support of Walter Raleighs colonizing project in Virginia, he prepared a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. Librarian and Map Curator, Royal Geographical Society, London, 194566. Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. In the preface to this he announced the intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in England by Emery Molyneux. He also became a minister in the Church of England. "Richard Hakluyt contributed more to English letters, and has had more effect on English writing, than any other man who ever lived, with the possible exception of Shakespeare." I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. For this reason, no map can be completely accurate, and in the early 1500s maps were often badly distorted. The two would later co-operate to convince the English crown to invest in overseas ventures. His only concern is the occupation of land for military and economic purposes because it would involve violent means. [25] The translation may also have been part of the propaganda encouraging English people to settle in Virginia. Hakluyt served in Paris also as a kind of intelligence officer, collecting information on the fur trade of Canada and on overseas enterprises from French and exiled Portuguese pilots. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). Hakluyt was born in a wealthy merchant family, his father was a skin and fur trader in 1552 in London. This work was intended to encourage the young colony of Virginia; Scottish historian William Robertson wrote of Hakluyt, "England is more indebted for its American possessions than to any man of that age. Colonization has been considered as a means through which other nations control and use native people to serve their interests. Cultural & Economic Interactions Between Native Americans & Europeans, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Richard Hakluyt's Reasons for Colonization, The Old World and New World: Why Europeans Sailed to the Americas, Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Mapping the World, Seaborne Commerce & Piracy, Conquistadors and Encomienda System: Definition & Savaging of the New World, North American Exploration & Failed Colonies of France & England, New France, New Netherlands & New Sweden: North American Settlements, The Mayflower and the Plymouth Rock Settlement, The Puritans and the Founding of the New England Colonies, The Southern Colonies: Settlement and Growth, The Middle Colonies: New York, Delaware, New Jersey & Pennsylvania, Rise of the Slave Trade: Black History in Colonial America, The 13 Colonies: Developing Economy & Overseas Trade, British Colonies in Africa: History & Map, Richard Hakluyt: Biography & Significance, The Industrial Revolution & Enlightenment, Praxis World & U.S. History - Content Knowledge (5941): Practice & Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, CLEP History of the United States I - Early Colonization to 1877 Prep, High School US History Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, High School World History Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, The Second Triumvirate: Members & Overview, The Role of Kashmir in India-Pakistan Relations, The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: Origins, Events & Consequences, Peace Negotiations, Diplomacy & the Indo-Pakistan Conflict, The 1982 Lebanon War: Origins, Events & Outcomes, The Social & Economic Impact of the Yugoslav Wars, Displacement of Refugees in the Middle Eastern Conflicts, Comparing and Contrasting Early American Presidents: Essay Prompts, Analyzing Important Documents in American History: Essay Prompts, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Proselytizing Protestant faith to Native Americans, Gaining access to natural resources of North America, Creating an opportunity for impoverished English people to find work in the colonies, Creating a new market in the colonies for goods produced in England. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (15891600). That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. An edition was published by the Hakluyt Society in the 19th century as, Charter of the Virginia Company of London, Vice-Admiral Bethune (Charles Ramsay Drinkwater Bethune), "The Free Sea. In 1588 Hakluyt finally returned to England with Douglas Sheffield, Baroness Sheffield, after a residence in France of nearly five years. . Indigenous people are also portrayed as laborers who are supposed to produce goods and act as fighters against enemies of England. PDF English Reasons for Colonization1 Additional reasons for colonization In spirit, it was a continuation of Hakluyts own work, and the two editors probably became acquainted. He spoke possibly four languages (including Greek, Latin, French and Italian), and his love of geography, many scholars say, was influenced by a large map he saw as a child. This book describes in detail the life and times of Hakluyt, a trained minister who . In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. on 19 February 1574, and shortly after taking his Master of Arts (M.A.) His interest in geography and travel had been aroused on a visit to the Middle Temple, one of the four English legal societies, while in his early teens. Richard Hakluyt was probably born in London, England, in 1553. Hakluyts conception or misconception of indigenous people plays a key role in this text. . Richard Hakluyt's Inducements to the Liking of the Voyage Intended towards Virginia, 1585"> the "excellent and fertile soile" on both sides of north america 's "greate and deep" natural waterways promised "all things that the life of man doth require," and whatever settlers wanted to plant they could expect to harvest in abundance sufficient to "trafficke in." English Perceptions of Treachery, 1583-1640: The Case of the - JSTOR He carefully explores economic concerns . Queen Elizabeth was under great pressure to provide for her people. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. Richard Hakluyt lived during the Age of Exploration when opportunities were opening for European countries to explore unknown lands. Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. That speedy planting in diverse fit places is most necessary upon these lucky western discoveries for fear of the danger of being prevented by other nations which have the like intentions, with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. natural reason.15 The elder Richard Hakluyt was the first of a long series 15 Sir George Peckham, A true reporte, of . Richard Hakluyt's Reasons for Colonization. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Discourse Concerning Western Planting - Wikipedia An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians Historians generally recognize three motives for European exploration and colonization in the New World: God, gold, and glory. Hakluyt (1552-1616) was a geographer, historian, editor, and leading promoter of English colonial expansion in North America. The most comprehensive portrait yet of Richard Hakluyt, indefatigable promoter of English colonization in America Richard Hakluyt the younger, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, advocated the creation of English colonies in the New World at a time when the advantages of this idea were far from self-evident. While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the end, leave England. In accordance with the instructions of Secretary Francis Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French movements, and "making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerne discoveries in America. Hakluyt's Promise - Google Books He made a point of becoming acquainted with the most important sea captains, merchants, and sailors of England. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. Richard Hakluyt - Wikipedia Updates? IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. IvyPanda. IvyPanda. How does Hakluyt depict indigenous peoples? That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. EN. Need a custom Essay sample written from scratch by This will ensure the distribution of people, thereby reducing overpopulation and its subsequent effects. (2021, April 8). IvyPanda. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. Urging their countrymen to join in the race for the colonization of the New World were two men, an uncle and his nephew, each named Richard Hakluyt. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Hakluyt also saw a future for England in the creation of rich towns, and believed that travel across the ocean would come easily with speedy communication between England and her colonies. "[3] Some of Hakluyt's ancestors established themselves at Yatton in Herefordshire,[4][5][6] and must have ranked amongst the principal landowners of the county. Nor did his belief in the possibility of Arctic passages to the East fade, for he was also a charter member of the Northwest Passage Company of 1612. The Names of the rich Towns lying along the sea coast on the north side from the equinoctial of the mainland of America under the kinge of Spaine. Richard Hakluyt, a remarkable clergyman-scholar-geographer who lies buried in Westminster Abby, deserves high rank among the indirect founding fathers of the United States. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. Westminster School named a house after him as recognition of achievement of an Old Westminster. He gave information to the newly formed East India Company and continued his interest in the North American colonizing project; he was one of the chief promoters of the petition to the crown for patents to colonize Virginia in 1606 and at one point contemplated a voyage to the colony. Create your account. Hugo Grotius, Richard Hakluyt (trans. 10 Richard Hakluyt, ne third voyage . Create an account to start this course today. 2. Reality, Team Leader: Exploiting New Opportunities, Studies of History of Indigenous People in Canada, Native American Studies in "We Shall Remain" Series, Native American Population and Federal Policies, Native American's Journal Entries in 1875-1934. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. Hakluyt's Benefits of Colonization. "Hakluyt, Richard". IvyPanda. Exploration and trade in Elizabethan England | The British Library He taught geography, which was his favorite subject. This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. must. With the help of various scholarships, Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, entering in 1570 and taking his M.A. The manuscript, lost for almost 300 years, was published for the first time in 1877. The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queens Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. [book review]", "History and Objectives of the Hakluyt Society", "Virgin territories [review of Peter C. Mancall's, "America's debt to a forgotten hero: As the 400th anniversary of Jamestown nears, its spiritual father is being unjustly ignored", "Your letters: Hakluyt has not been forgotten", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hakluyt&oldid=1147310286, People educated at Westminster School, London, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Richard Hakluyt," 13 in pt. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. In addition, the indigenous people, including Indians, are mere tools that serve the interests of the English people. [33], A 14-volume critical edition of Hakluyt's Principal Navigations is being prepared by the Hakluyt Edition Project for Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Carey, National University of Ireland, Galway, and Claire Jowitt, University of East Anglia.[34]. Frobisher's First Voyage - CBC The pension would have lapsed in 1583, but William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, intervened to have it extended until 1586 to aid Hakluyt's geographical research.[10]. PDF A Discourse Concerning Western Planting Richard Hakluyt (1584) . We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View specifically for you. Hakluyt gave public lectureshe is regarded as the first professor of modern geography at Oxfordand was the first to display. While in Oxford, Hakluyt worked with foremost geographers such as Abraham Ortelius and Gerardus Mercator. What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. That by these Colonies the Northwest passage to Cathay and China may easily quickly and perfectly be searched out as well by river and overland, as by sea, for proof whereof here are quoted and alleged diverse rare Testimonies out of the three volumes of voyages gathered by Ramusius and other grave authors. English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. For the full article, see Richard Hakluyt . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Missionaries, most of whom were members of the Franciscan religious order, provided Spain with an advance guard in North America. Richard Hakluyt was not an explorer nor a colonizer. Omissions? https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Hakluyt, History Today - The Architect of English Expansion, Encyclopedia of Virginia - Biography of Richard Hakluyt, Richard Hakluyt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America, The Principal Navigations, Voyages and Discoveries of the English Nation, Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. both the olde imperfectly composed, and the new lately reformed Mappes, Globes, Spheares, and other instruments of this Art for demonstration in the common schooles. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. While he did not have the opportunity to travel around the world, he was able to live in France for five years as the chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford. The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. Hakluyt dedicated to Cecil the second (1599) and third volumes (1600) of the expanded edition of Principal Navigations and also his edition of Galvo's Discoveries (1601).
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