"description": "Cause: over farming, over grazing, droughts. In many parts of Africa, this has become a losing battle, as the desert claims more land each year.Slide23. area. This product contains all the resources you will need to help your students understand the environmental issues in Africa. Problem: DeforestationEffect: Solutions: people are facing starvation and poverty Sustainable farming practices, planting trees Something went wrong! African countries will seek to push their climate change priorities when the continent hosts the COP27 summit in November. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/26/8788351/slides/slide_12.jpg", - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as an HTML5 slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 6c47f6-NjRiZ Looking to the future economic impacts of ambient air pollution, the authors also examine the projected impact on childrens IQ. Georgia Standards of Excellence aligned. 4. "width": "800" Quizzes with auto-grading, and real-time student data. Rated 4.83 out of 5, based on 287 reviews. Download File. "description": "", "name": "", 3 out 0f the 5 reactors in the plant started leaking . Why does the river flowing through town changes Environmental Problems Patten & Valdner Global History II Mepham High School Patten & Valdner Global History II Mepham High School. "@type": "ImageObject", CAIRO, Egypt, Jan 18 (IPS) - Economic exclusion; financial systems that perpetuate their discrimination; limited participation in political and public life; lack of access to education and poor retention of girls in schools; gender-based violence; harmful cultural practices, and exclusion of women from peace tables, are the major standing barriers to achieving gender equality in Africa. "@context": "http://schema.org", farmers to quit farming and move to the { The greenhouse effect is a process by which. Climate Change and Energy . "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/26/8788351/slides/slide_9.jpg", "description": "People cutting down trees and shrubs for firewood or building materials. "@type": "ImageObject", Climate change intensifies many existing challenges in Africa. ", "width": "800" Explain how water pollution and the unequal distribution of water impacts irrigation, trade, industry, and drinking water. "name": "Problem: Desertification", "@context": "http://schema.org", Another place on the continent where rapid deforestation is taking place is in Africas west and central tropical rainforests. `}~))>QnX[G~r{kD} jxu}4V]{}bCslbqeqP8LH+EeCqNCV,5n^ugVS~=jTFv4CIIWwt\_ze}yo4Z:X`/ G{g:rW FS##]9*%nk&)_Fv,Mx*z>AJY-@>4C<5V`C=mO];) Stop Deforestation. { Neviah Collier. "@type": "ImageObject", How has this shortage of safe drinking water affected the development of sub-Saharan Africa? Deforestation is the destruction of trees and other vegetation. Presentation Transcript. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/26/8788351/slides/slide_5.jpg", to reach environmental quality similar to those enjoyed in Problem: Poor Soil Effect: Solution: farmers move frequently, use slash-and-burn agriculture, contributes to deforestation use of natural fertilizers, crop rotation, irrigation Many who study this region believe that Africa could find itself in the midst of water wars in the coming years. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/8788351/26/images/30/women+build+terraces+in+Gitarama%2C+Rwanda%2C+to+prevent+soil+erosion..jpg", Please download the free preview to see our digital user agreement, the complete Table of Contents, unit objectives, and sample teacher instructions for a few selected lessons. It is an example of how poor farming practices and the destruction of trees and shrubs can lead to an expanding desert. Drinking water contamination is a global environmental issue. What are the causes of the problem? Water Issues Pollution- due to pesticides, fertilizers, human waste, mining, and manufacturing. }8`;o L"UF,2:)Re{6 A^f,0X:,lYpn8`%kMB@&vvZ3O Land that is contaminated with salt is not suitable for growing crops.Slide7. What environmental issue is going on in the Niger River delta Pollution from oil industries. prevent environmental problems in different, Environmental issuesareanysuch "@context": "http://schema.org", As plants die, the soil blows away leaving the ground. PPT Environmental Issues In Africa - Henry County Schools. The Department of Environmental Affairs Annual performance report 2013/2014, - The Department of Environmental Affairs Annual performance report 2013/2014*. }, 23 1. Drilling wells, providing filters, education. "width": "800" Uploaded on Jul 11, 2014. Cause: thousands of years of hunting, grazing, and subsistence agriculture. "name": "Problem: Poor Soil infertile soil, most of Africa\u2019s soil is less fertile than the soil found on other continents. }, 21 "width": "800" Size is critical to engaging demographics, history, and even something as simple as geography. ~Slotted Notes slides 2 - 3 a. Students type directly on pages, insert images, and drag and drop information for a variety of engaging and interactive activities that are all standards-based. What environmental issue is going on in the Niger River delta? Unequal Distribution of WaterUnequal Distribution of Water: some regions of Africa have an overabundance of water, while others have very little water This affects countries economic growth and development, restricts trade, and impacts agriculture { Cause: Fuel -Most Africans use wood for heating and cooking. floods. "width": "800" The PowerPoint PPT presentation: "Environmental Issues in Africa" is the property of its rightful owner. "description": "", Environmental Issues And General Business Affairs Ppt PowerPoint Presentation Ideas Topics. "@context": "http://schema.org", Location: Sahel region, around the Kalahari Desert, East Africa, Ethiopia AMCEN provides continent-wide leadership by promoting awareness and consensus on global and regional environmental issues, especially those relating to international conventions on biodiversity, desertification and climate . "width": "800" PIP: Half of Africa's almost 450 million inhabitants have no access to health services, while two-thirds lack safe drinking water, according to a 1991 report by the World Bank. It's FREE! "width": "800" Hamza Mjahed. }, 19 This complete, UPDATED InspirEd Educators 99 page ebook unit includes 15 single-class lessons that teach the geography, culture, history, government and economics of the region. "@type": "ImageObject", { Agricultural partners take root across Africa Review of 2013: Agricultural partnerships take root across Africa. www.fpri.org Copyright 20002023. Deforestation: The result of cutting down trees to use for money & free up land for farming. }, 36 ", "@type": "ImageObject", "@context": "http://schema.org", expanding into areas that were formerly Contains worksheets, ppt, summarizers, slotted notes, DUL activity, learning game and Writing Prompt with Benchmark Example. What are the four major factors on which Japans ", "width": "800" "width": "800" march, 2011 On the second page, students will summarize each environmental issue and develop their own solution to the problem. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/26/8788351/slides/slide_21.jpg", , Deforestation, Causes, effects, control measures. "@type": "ImageObject", ]`v'91. ~G| ,)#H&7Xr^rq9XxFt}ZS`%xucx:E1vXunq-5rjr, >*|)emrrkyK(cBH+t. ", According to data from the Plastindia Foundation, India's demand for polymers is expected to go up from 11 million tonnes in 2012-13 to about 16.5 million tonnes in 2016-17. { Environmental Issues in the Aid Regime: What are the sustainable options for the poor? "@type": "ImageObject", Meanwhile, though household air pollution is declining, it still accounts for 60% of all air pollution-related deaths (1.1 million) across Africa where polluting fuels such as charcoal and keroseneare prevalent. PowerPoint Presentation, Thematic Lead update PowerPoint Presentation, National Environmental Policy of: PowerPoint Presentation, Africas Environmental PowerPoint Presentation, Issues in Modern Africa PowerPoint Presentation, Journal of Social Sciences 7 2 175181 2011 ISSN 15493652 2010 - PDF Slides, Sustainable agriculture: Environmental dimensions in a glob - PDF Slides, Environmental Issues Deforestation Standards - PDF Slides, Environmental Science Senior Secondary Course - PDF Slides. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/26/8788351/slides/slide_44.jpg", "description": "slash-and-burn clearing of land for subsistence or commercial cash crop farming. 2007 - Dec 2007less than a year. }, 7 "width": "800" levels of government and communities at improving Many of the rainforests are already gone. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/26/8788351/slides/slide_25.jpg", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/26/8788351/slides/slide_33.jpg", Students who require vocabulary assistance are provided with a glossary to help them better understand the material; while your higher students are provided with more critical thinking challenges to show what they, This packet provides a background essay on the various environmental issues plaguing Africa. Boasting an impressive range of designs, they will support your presentations with inspiring background photos or videos that support your themes, set the right mood, enhance your credibility and inspire your audiences. This activity is centered around students, working in teams of two, to identify environmental issues that lead to the wide-spread poverty concerns throughout Africa. The Kalahari Desert is a desert that covers part of the southern tip of Africa. This file is an easy (no-prep) way to integrate technology into your classroom and can be completed without printing any paper. 4. Keeping a check on these emissions is the solution to protect the ozone layer. Africans face many different types of environmental issues. Encourage student choice in your study of Africa's Environmental Issues: deforestation, desertification, and water scarcity and pollution. disregard for environmental protection. However the Fukushima Nuclear power "name": "", Every bit of . The environment is directly related to the, Pollution- due to pesticides, fertilizers, human, Half of the hospital patients in Africa are due, With population increase, clean drinking water, Only 47 of people in sub-Saharan Africa have, Industry is not the primary cause of water, -These organisms cause waterborne diseases, Ruins the land- There is an average of two oil, While a country benefits from income generated by, Few places in rural Africa have plumbing or water, Women and children walk daily to the nearest, Climate change, deforestation, and population. { "@context": "http://schema.org", cuCsP4:H7`@CbybNpGF3Y X J7Sh7+Vu)Sfj{Vz^@WV^K-F_]~Xo/(pBC$IYbq^m H1\P& Fl$~ iTL/ Thus, the actual daytime temperature in a given month will be 3 to 10 C (5 to 18 F) higher than the temperature listed here, depending on how large the difference between daily highs and lows is. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/26/8788351/slides/slide_26.jpg", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/26/8788351/slides/slide_6.jpg", Desertification4. With an academic background in Urban Planning, Temitope has developed a strong interest in smart city development, environmental and sustainable planning . The report covers market characteristics, key players, market size and trends from 2019 to 2022. }, 27 among countries that share a river system. SS7G2 The student will discuss environmental issues across the continent of Africa. Logging for industry, farming, and fuel pMsL`qe`3kV,+"'l09OnV7k6ctg,5} $] * VK))=!0`ZMlz\9 .gqIm%4cxu!5%"X5T2FY]jx"+4y7L1{0WoVXx10"22NFDz}$pR!Q2B9P`sCZ=brcOE[:G1ZYf&8 uAIi`%j)qeV]G{7G:~UNZ#rtcdu-ZdW>6$G?.,+p Guangdong province, the river that flows through a. - KEY ISSUES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR IN AFRICA AND PLANNED ACTIONS TO IMPROVE ENERGY of offshore capital markets, environmental lobby groups and world politics. inadequate, despite long-standing efforts by the various In 2019, ambient air pollution was responsible for an estimated 383, 419 deaths across Africa. Included in this file: "name": "Environmental Issues in Africa Review Questions", planetary surface emits thermal radiations that. "name": "CAUSE and EFFECT Desertification Drought over long periods of time", 2. contd Video -_____ Floods are a significant environmental issue for Nations are addressing the problems associated with overpopulation, industrial pollution, accessibility to drinking water, deforestation, and desertification that affect Africa and the rest of the world. "name": "", A green movement would bring beneficial results in merging . According to the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI ), by 2050, climate change will lead to higher temperatures and mixed rainfall, leading to changes in crop yields and growth of the agricultural sector, higher food prices, less availability of food, and increased child malnutrition. What is meant by Cancer Villages in China ? This choice board uses BrainPop, MobyMax, Epic, and NewsELA. "@context": "http://schema.org", In the Sahel, however, a majority of the desertification is the result of the actions of people rather than climate. "@context": "http://schema.org", { }, 10 { Add highlights, virtual manipulatives, and more. ", starvation and death (famine) people forced to rely on international aid and relief. sustainable farming practices, irrigation. 3 out 0f the 5 reactors in the plant "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/8788351/26/images/35/SS7G2+The+student+will+discuss+environmental+issues+across+the+continent+of+Africa..jpg", "description": "What environmental issue correctly fills in the blank What effect does poor soil and deforestation have on land in Africa Land is useless for farming and agriculture. SS7G2a: Explain how water pollution and the unequal distribution of water impacts irrigation, trade, industry, and drinking water. "@context": "http://schema.org", land How has this shortage of safe drinking water affected the development of sub-Saharan Africa? andcause harm to the environment. "@context": "http://schema.org", This is perfect for adding literacy to your social studies curriculum because its academically-aligned for ELA and for social studies. "name": "", "@type": "ImageObject", "description": "", Standards/Elements SS7G2 The student will discuss environmental issues across the continent of Africa. "description": "", side/household participation in recycling and waste material deposited in Egyptian fields. Causes: over-farming, overgrazing, drought, Download ppt "Environmental Issues In Africa". We are taking notes in class today so HAVE SOMETHING TO WRITE WITH. "name": "women build terraces in Gitarama, Rwanda, to prevent soil erosion. "@context": "http://schema.org", "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/8788351/26/images/10/Problem%3A+Water+Pollution.jpg", As the desert expands, people are less able to grow enough food to feed them. the industries to be profitable. 2. Stop using spray products with CFC's Winds from the Sahara blow the top soil away leaving the land barren. What water problems do African nations face lack of water; pollution from farms, factories, & human wastes. activities }, 22 "description": "the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert. Contains worksheets, ppt, summarizers, slotted notes, DUL activity, learning game and Writing Prompt with Benchmark Example. Land is useless for farming and agriculture, -population growth and the need for more space for housing. }, 2 It causes soil erosion, destruction of wetlands Key examples of such challenges include high exposures to lead, mercury, and air pollutants; the large burden of health risks associated with indoor and outdoor burning of . "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/8788351/26/images/1/Environmental+Issues+In+Africa.jpg", Common duties included: Feeding children for the 3 main age groups (bottle feeding, solid feeding and supervising solo eating) "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/26/8788351/slides/slide_7.jpg", The African Union had a special meeting on African water issues during the summer of 2008. water "@type": "ImageObject", "width": "800" b. Countries with large river systems have enough water for farming and for people in villages, towns, and cities. 3. { Slide17. As the land is overused, the soil becomes poor and powdery. change in Africa INTRODUCTION Climate change has been identifi ed as a leading human and environmental crisis of the 21st century. Many reservations for game animals have been set up to protect the animalsSlide21. Promote sustainable growth, especially in rural communities. { "name": "", because of varying types of industrial effluent. Deforestation, Your students will love learning about geography, environmental issues, and diverse cultures found in Africa with these engaging, no prep reading activity packets! Pollution from oil industries 3. -population growth and the need for more space for housing. Africans face many types of environmental issues. "name": "", Atmosphere. The constant movement of the Sahara Desert can be seen in many of the countries that border that great desert. Deforestation is one of the main factors that harm the ecological balance of the entire planet, not just Africa. How has this shortage of safe drinking water affected the development of sub-Saharan Africa Slowed the economic growth. "width": "800" Problem: Desertificationthe gradual transformation of habitable land into desert. Warming in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected . "name": "", have water wars because of the competition }, 11 Environmental Issues in Africa- Desertification and Deforestation (SS7G2), DIGITAL LEARNING: Africa's Environmental Issues (SS7G2), DIGITAL LEARNING: Africa's Geography BUNDLE, Geography, Solving Environmental Issues In Africa (Easel Activity Included), Africa's Environmental Issues Research Project, Environmental Issues in Africa Word Search Puzzle, Africa's Environmental Issues Task Rotation, Africas Environmental Issues Cause and Effect Chart and Problems and Solutions, 7th Grade Environmental Issues Cause and Effect Chart- BUNDLE, Environmental issues in Africa 3 levels included, Africa's Environmental Issues Choice Board, Environmental Issues and Ethinic Groups in Africa, *NEW* Africa Geography & Environmental Issues BINGO [SS7G1, SS7G2, SS7G3], Africa Environmental Issues Quiz (Gen Ed/Multiple Choice), Geography in Africa Reading BUNDLE (SS7G1, SS7G2, SS7G3, SS7G4) GSE, D5103 Africa (Geography and World Cultures) COMPLETE EBOOK UNIT, Social Studies Africa Interactive Notebook. issuescreatedduetohuman, Do not sell or share my personal information. Slide13. Much of Africa has trouble having enough water for people to live. Some problems are lack of water, poor soil quality, and expanding deserts. Strands a. "description": "", And theyre ready for you to use in your PowerPoint presentations the moment you need them. Causes: over-farming, overgrazing, drought Effects: famine, death, starvation This was used with middle school students of various learning abilities.Includes: Teacher instructions, links to a video and autobiographical short story of a teen in Africa, printable handouts, overhead for teacher presentation, and grading rubric. Other locations: snails, worms, insect larvae, parasites (natural environmental pollution) causes waterborne diseases, restricts trade, affects the economic growth and development of countries, death. 337 views, 12 likes, 1 loves, 2 comments, 4 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from JoyNews: Prime Business is live with Paa Kwesi Schandorf on the JoyNews. }, 9 The Problems Africans face many different types of environmental issues Some of them are lack of water poor soil quality and expanding deserts Much of Africa has trouble having enough water for people to live ID: 660149 Download Presentation. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/8788351/26/images/16/SS7G2+The+student+will+discuss+environmental+issues+across+the+continent+of+Africa..jpg", "width": "800" water bodies and are known to cause cancer ? one third of its "@context": "http://schema.org", 2. The causes of water pollution, and its effects on people, flora and fauna, is currently one of the biggest environmental threats to Africa. "width": "800" Download the preview for a closer look. Highly competent, capable and resourceful Safety Health Environment Specialist with more than 10 years experience of safety management both in public and private sectors, oil and gas, engineering,local and provincial government. "@context": "http://schema.org", d\ YCCtJ The frequency and/or severity of extreme events is increasing as temperatures are projected to continue rising, and rainfall patterns are . "@type": "ImageObject", desertification I am a QHSE Engineer & Environmentalist with about 15 years of experience ie an expert on Quality, Safety and Environmental issues. World Environment Day. PowerShow.com is a leading presentation sharing website. Green House Effect. These eco and nature themed presentation templates will help you make a memorable presentation about most environment themed topics. "name": "Environmental Issues In Africa", "description": "Location: All throughout Africa. And, again, its all free. Thank you! "@context": "http://schema.org", such as theGanges, theYamunaandMithi Rivers, all Share buttons are a little bit lower. Where is desertification happening in southern Africa? { THAT EVEN LIVING IN THEM CAN Pre-made digital activities. "@type": "ImageObject", Explain how water pollution and the unequal distribution of water impacts irrigation, trade, industry, and drinking water. What environmental issue is being described Causes: over-farming, overgrazing, drought. "description": "", Impact on tribal people, Sustainable Managemet of fresh Water Resources, 2011 year 8 geography - rainforests - deforestation, GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: FOOD INDUSTRY - FARMING IN TROPICAL AREAS, Wetlands sustainability report2 - East Africa Region Report, Wetland conservation; a way forward to ensure economic prosperity, Weekly Wetlands Sustainability Report - NET Africa (www.netafrica.be), Innovation transforms livelihoods of pastoralists in Ethiopia, The Niger River and the Growth of Ghana and Mali Empires, IPCC AR5 Africa Chapter - Impacts and Vulnerability. Feb 2022 - Present1 year 3 months. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/8788351/26/images/41/Problem%3A+Desertification.jpg", cutting down of trees, destruction of the rain forest, Location: Sahel region, tropical rain forest, Cause: Fuel -Most Africans use wood for heating and cooking, Agriculture- Trees are cut down to clear land for farming, Lumber - Trees are used for lumber in new construction, people are facing starvation and poverty, Sustainable farming practices, planting trees, slash-and-burn clearing of land for subsistence or commercial cash crop farming, trees used as firewood for heating / cooking and building materials for homes, trees / plants are exported as timber and ingredients in medicines, poor soil develops overtime due to soil erosion and depletion of nutrients (less fertility), this leads to less agricultural production (fewer crops grown), which leads to more starvation and death (famine), infertile soil, most of Africas soil is less fertile than the soil found on other continents, Cause: thousands of years of hunting, grazing, and subsistence agriculture, farmers move frequently, use slash-and-burn agriculture, contributes to deforestation, use of natural fertilizers, crop rotation, irrigation. "@context": "http://schema.org", Pollution remains a major challenge and opportunity for This causes erosion and loss of nutrients. However, rapid urbanization and industrialization bring new challenges. pollution, predominately due to untreated sewage. b. Issues and Challenges: Specific Impacts on Women Friederike Knabe, | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view, THE MEDIAS DISTRIBUTED DATABASES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION. However, because the Nile no longer floods, the silt (rich topsoil carried by the floodwaters) is no longer deposited in the Egyptian fields. Physical Features Chart. "width": "800" 7 th Grade Social Studies. Presentation to the Portfolio Committee on Water and Environmental Affairs. 1. "@context": "http://schema.org", Problem: Water PollutionSolution: Many international organizations (WHO, UN) are working to help the situation Drilling wells, providing filters, education }, 4 once arable land is turning into deserts. "width": "800" "@type": "ImageObject", The Sahel is an area of Africa south of the Sahara Desert. "@context": "http://schema.org", Look no further for a way to teach about the major environmental issues plaguing Africa today. of the river's contaminants, like cadmium and zinc. Africa "@context": "http://schema.org", Polluted air has many adverse impacts: Environmental Issues. Africa currently has 17 percent of the worlds population and is heavily dependent on agriculture, but only receives four percent of investment in agricultural research from all sources, including donors or internal government budgets. "description": "", rainforest most rapidly today is Nigeria. { Africa has many endangered species of flora and fauna. }, 18 "@type": "ImageObject", "description": "Only 47% of Sub-Saharan Africans have access to safe drinking water. They trap the sun's warmth and raise the air and soil temperature, which is causing a huge environmental change that brings out many unexpected consequences like melting ice, ocean disruption, and extreme weather. Sahel to the rainforest Geographic Understandings SS7G1 The student will locate selected features of Africa. The people who live in these areas often face starvation and poverty. and wide migration of solid wastes. { environmental issues across What environmental issue is going on in the Niger River delta? Warm up December 1, In parts of Africa, desertification is causing the desert to spread. Africa Directions and Maps. }, 34 Where is desertification happening in southern Africa 2. Periods of drought in recent years have made this situation worse. Sometimes the factory workers are harmed by the industrial waste that pollutes local water supplies.Slide10. "width": "800" "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/8788351/26/images/11/Problem%3A+Water+Pollution.jpg", "@context": "http://schema.org", Use Public transport to Travel as it will save money, fuel And the benefits of limiting climate change to 1.5 C are enormous, with the report detailing the difference in the consequences between a 1.5 C increase and a 2 C increase. Much of Africa has trouble having enough water for people to live. SS7G2a. Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? "name": "", "description": "SS7G2 The student will discuss environmental issues across the continent of Africa. Plant Disaster on 11th 1. AREAS THAT ARE SO POLLUTED countries Water supply and sanitationcontinue to be Students can practice identifying the causes and effects of water pollution, deforestation, and desertification. { Explain the different environmental problems that are in Africa 1. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/8788351/26/images/43/CAUSE+and+EFFECT+Desertification+Drought+over+long+periods+of+time.jpg", "@type": "ImageObject", "width": "800" animals - Environmental Issues in the Aid Regime: What are the sustainable options for the poor? Strategic Communications and Engagements Manager, Strategic Operational Planner, Diplomat, and Military Veteran. Sub-Saharan Africa They no longer have to depend on the annual flooding of the Nile to bring water to their fields. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are the causes of environmental problems in Sub-Saharan Africa? What are the various ways by which we can US. activities to halt the degradation of Africa's environment and satisfy the food and energy needs of the continent's people. { }, 40 ", Opt not to print. }, 42 "@context": "http://schema.org", { Africa's Geography & Environmental Issues ReviewThis resource can be used to formatively assess scholars learning of the following standards:SS7G1 Locate selected features of Africa. Environmental Issues in Africa Water: pollution & distribution Soil and Deforestation Desertification Final Statement The environment is directly related to the .
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